Murmuration is a phenomenon most commonly observed in which group of birds?

Murmuration is a phenomenon most commonly observed in which group of birds?

• A. Hawks
• B. Parrots
• C. Penguins
• D. Starlings

Answer: (D)

Murmuration is the dramatic, coordinated aerial display produced by very large groups of birds flying together. It is most famously seen in starling flocks, which can number in the thousands and swirl into intricate, wave-like patterns across the sky. This collective behavior arises from simple local interactions—each bird tends to match its neighbors’ speed and direction while staying close—so the whole flock moves as a cohesive, fluid unit. The display helps confuse predators and can make flight more energy-efficient for the group. Hawks tend to hunt solo or in small groups, parrots don’t produce that signature large-scale aerial swarming, and penguins aren’t flying in the air to form murmurations.